1. Risk Model Refinement Recommendations

  • Use of non-invasive imaging tools to detect subclinical atherosclerosis is not recommended for CVD risk assessment in the primary prevention setting. Utility for selected groups of individuals requires further study.
  • Currently available novel biomarkers do not replace or enhance established methods for CVD risk assessment in the primary prevention setting, but studies are on-going.
  • Common genetic variants associated with blood lipids and coronary events currently perform less well than phenotype-based methods for risk assessment and, except for screening for FH, are not recommended for CVD risk assessment in the primary prevention setting.